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Importance et état actuel des méthodes pour le contrôle de l'évolution de la myopie

 To know the current possibility of preventing and controlling the development of myopia.

Review the existence of optical, pharmacological and environmental procedures that allow to stop the evolution of myopia in its most dynamic period, childhood, in terms of its axial and dioptric evolution.

If we compare the evolution of myopia in children of control groups users of monofocal glasses or monofocal contact lenses of standard designs with the application of optic lenses in the hypo-corrected or multifocal spectacles, of bifocal or multifocal soft contact lenses and Rigid contact lenses with designs for orthokeratology can reduce the evolution of myopia in diopter values ​​between 17 and 55% and in axial length in values ​​between 9 and 56%. In the case of the use of anti muscarinic agents between 41 and 138% in terms of their dioptric value and between 39 and 109% when their axial length. If the child increases his schedule outdoors we can find reductions between 11 and 63% of its diopter power and between 3 and 24% of its axial length.

As we can see the most effective method is the use of anti muscarinic agents despite the fact that they can present side effects such as photophobia, accommodation problems, etc. if high concentrations are used. But before this, other methods such as increasing the outdoor hours of children, could be an alternative in addition to the help of contact lenses with peripheral defocus or other optical systems.

The prevalence of myopia in the population is progressively increasing. Limiting its evolution will help to reduce the visual and organic complications of it. We currently have knowledge that allows us to apply optical elements, drugs and environmental measures that limit their evolution.